Dieser Bericht ist heute auf verschiedenen, serioesen englischen Nachrichtenseiten in Web und Sky New GB and IRL, ich habe in im Original eingestellt und unten mit google translate, ich weiss google translate ist net gut aber immerhin, eingestellt! (untenstehen deutsche Version)

Gruss aus Irland

Alex



Pigs can CHOOSE sex of their offspring BEFORE fertilisation, amazing new study revealsder Link

http://www.express.co.uk/news/nature/477234/University-of-Sheffield-st
udy-finds-pigs-can-choose-sex-of-offspring-before-fertilisation

Pigs can CHOOSE sex of their offspring BEFORE fertilisation, amazing new study reveals

PIGS can choose whether they give birth to a boy or girl, according to "amazing" new research which could lead to humans doing the same.
By: Helen Barratt
Published: Wed, May 21, 2014


Scientists have been left baffled after discovering female pigs may be able to tell whether a sperm will produce a boy or girl before it reaches the egg.

The study, published in the journal BMC Genomics, shows different genes are active in female pigs' reproductive system cells depending on whether female (X) or male (Y) sperm are present.

It is thought the sow's fallopian tubes, known as the oviduct, change in response, allowing her to influence the sex of her offspring.

The research suggests the sow may favour one sex over the other and give it a better chance of reaching the egg first.

Mothers are able to differentiate between the sperm that makes boys and girls. That on its own is amazing


Researchers are still not sure why this ability has evolved but believe if females can recognise the sex of sperm and change in response, they might be able to create an environment that favours boys or girls.

Lead author Prof Alireza Fazeli, from the department of human metabolism at the University of Sheffield said: "What this shows is that mothers are able to differentiate between the sperm that makes boys and girls.

"That on its own is amazing. It's also of great scientific and evolutionary importance.

"If we understand how they can do that, this can revolutionise the field.

"We don't know what the human application could be or how it works but we believe female pigs can choose one gender over another.

pigs, research, university of sheffield, reproductionPigs may decide the sex of their offspring, according to new research

"Five or six years ago we found out the environment within the womb changes in the lead up to fertilisation.

"Previously we thought it was an unchanging, stable environment but then scientists realised it wasn't true.

"I was definitely surprised by what we found out. But there are many more questions.

"What does this mean? What does the action of these proteins mean? That's a very good question.

"That would be really something that my heart goes for. I would love to conduct further research in this field and find out what the future applications could be."

To conduct the study, researchers inseminated female pigs with sperm that was either all X or all Y.

They then looked at the genes which were switched on in the sow's oviduct.

It was revealed 501 genes produced proteins in different amounts, depending on whether whether X or Y sperm was present.

Uebersetztung von Google translate

Schweine können Geschlecht ihrer Nachkommen zu wählen, , erstaunliche neue Studie zeigt

PIGS können wählen, ob sie die Geburt eines Jungen oder ein Mädchen , nach " amazing" neue Forschung, die den Menschen , die die gleiche führen könnte.
Von: Helen Barratt
Veröffentlicht: Mi, 21. Mai 2014

Schweine , Forschung, reproductionPigs können das Geschlecht ihrer Nachkommen nach neuen Forschungen wählen

Wissenschaftler haben nach der Entdeckung linken weiblichen Schweinen möglicherweise in der Lage zu sagen, ob ein Spermium ein Junge oder ein Mädchen zu produzieren , bevor es das Ei erreicht sein ratlos.

Die Studie, in der Zeitschrift BMC Genomics veröffentlicht wurde, zeigt, je nachdem, ob weiblich ( X) oder männlich (Y) Spermien vorhanden sind verschiedene Gene sind bei weiblichen Schweinen Fortpflanzungssystem Zellen aktiv .

Es wird vermutet, Eileiter der Sau , wie die Eileiter bekannt ist, in Reaktion verändern , so dass sie das Geschlecht ihrer Nachkommen beeinflussen.

Die Forschung schlägt die Sau kann einen Geschlechts über das andere zu begünstigen und ihm eine bessere Chance auf dem ersten Erreichen das Ei.

Mütter sind in der Lage, zwischen der Spermien, die Jungen und Mädchen macht zu unterscheiden. Das alleine ist erstaunlich,

Prof. Alireza Fazeli

Forscher sind sich noch nicht sicher, warum diese Fähigkeit entwickelt hat, sondern glauben, wenn Weibchen können das Geschlecht von Spermien zu erkennen und zu ändern in der Antwort, könnten sie in der Lage, eine Umgebung, die Jungen oder Mädchen begünstigt zu schaffen.

Lead-Autor Prof. Dr. Alireza Fazeli , von der Abteilung des menschlichen Stoffwechsels an der Universität Sheffield sagte: " Dies zeigt, dass die Mütter in der Lage, zwischen der Spermien, die Jungen und Mädchen macht zu unterscheiden.

"Das allein ist erstaunlich. Es ist auch von großer wissenschaftlicher und evolutionäre Bedeutung .

"Wenn wir verstehen, wie sie das tun können, kann dieser das Feld revolutionieren.

" Wir wissen nicht, was das menschliche Anwendung könnte sein, oder , wie es funktioniert, aber wir glauben, weiblichen Schweinen kann ein Geschlecht über einen anderen zu wählen.

Schweine , Forschung, University of Sheffield , reproductionPigs kann das Geschlecht ihrer Nachkommen entscheiden, nach neuen Forschungs

"Vor fünf oder sechs Jahren fanden wir heraus, das Umfeld, in den Mutterleib Veränderungen in der Spitze bis zu Befruchtung.

"Früher dachten wir, es war eine unveränderliche , stabile Umgebung , aber dann stellten Wissenschaftler fest , es war nicht wahr.

"Ich war auf jeden Fall von dem, was wir herausgefunden haben überrascht. Aber es gibt viele weitere Fragen.

" Was bedeutet das? Was die Wirkung dieser Proteine ​​das? Das ist eine sehr gute Frage.

"Das wäre wirklich etwas, das mein Herz geht für . Ich würde gerne weitere Forschung in diesem Bereich durchzuführen und herauszufinden, was die zukünftige Anwendungen könnte sein."

Zur Durchführung der Studie , Forscher besamt weiblichen Schweinen mit Spermien, die entweder alle oder alle X Y. war

Sie sahen dann bei den Genen, die auf in der Sau Eileiter eingeschaltet wurden .

Es wurde gezeigt, 501 Gene erzeugten Proteine ​​in unterschiedlichen Mengen , abhängig davon, ob , ob X -oder Y- Sperma vorhanden war

Wäre eine Sensation, wenn es wirklich so wäre.

Glaube ich auch, ist heute erst veroeffentlicht worden, noch auf mehreren Webseiten,

Gruss aus Irland

Alex

http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/female-pigs-able-to-
differentiate-between-sperms-that-makes-boys-and-girls-114052101176_1.html

http://www.express.co.uk/news/nature/477234/University-of-Sheffield-st
udy-finds-pigs-can-choose-sex-of-offspring-before-fertilisation

heute noch eine weiterer artikel in englisch zu dieser Studie

http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/40032/title/Fema
le-Pigs-May-Sense-Sex-of-Sperm/

Female Pigs May Sense Sex of Sperm

The oviducts of pigs exhibit different gene expression profiles depending on their exposure to sperm with either an X or a Y chromosome, a study shows.

By Anna Azvolinsky | May 21, 2014


WIKIMEDIA, KEITH WELLEROld wives’ tales abound about how to tip the odds of conceiving a boy or a girl. Some say that depositing the sperm closer to the cervix gives Y chromosome-carrying sperm a better chance to reach the egg first. Another urges would-be moms to eat a more acidic diet if they want to have a girl. Much of the advice focuses on how to give sperm carrying either an X or Y chromosome some sort of advantage, but for the most part, none of it has been validated by science.

A study published today (May 21) in BMC Genomics now suggests that female mammals may be able to sense and respond differently to X and Y chromosome sperm. Alireza Fazeli, a reproductive biologist at the University of Sheffield in the U.K., and colleagues show that in the presence of either predominantly X or Y sperm populations, the oviducts of pigs respond differently—by increasing or decreasing the expression of various genes.

According to coauthor Carmen Almiñana, a research fellow at the University of Murcia in Spain, this is the first evidence that the female can somehow tell the difference between X and Y chromosome sperm prior to fertilization and activate signaling pathways in a sex-specific way.

“What this study shows is that one possible way in which mammalian mothers could influence the sex ratio of their offspring is through differential . . . responses to X and Y chromosome sperm,” said evolutionary biologist Tommaso Pizzari, who studies sexual behavior at the University of Oxford and who was not involved in the work.

Taking advantage of the large, long oviducts of pigs, the researchers injected X chromosome-carrying sperm into one oviduct of a female pig and Y chromosome-carrying sperm into the other oviduct using laparoscopic surgery. To separate X and Y sperm prior to the injection, Almiñana and her team took advantage of a sorting technique—routinely used in cattle for the dairy industry—that divides the cells based on the amount of fluorescent dye staining their DNA, given that Y sperm have less genetic material. They then sampled each oviduct 24 hours later. Measuring the responses to both types of sperm in the same animal avoided the potential confounding issues of comparing the results from different animals.

To get a sense of how the pigs’ oviducts react to the presence of sperm, the team analyzed the gene expression of the tissue. Microarray analysis showed that 501 genes, about 2 percent of the pig genome, were differentially expressed in the two oviducts. These included genes involved in endocrine, immune, and signal transduction functions. Sixty percent of the genes upregulated in response to Y chromosome-bearing sperm were associated with immune system function. Almiñana said the results suggest that immune factors could be a molecular screen to preferentially bias either X or Y chromosome sperm to reach the oocyte first.

These results are preliminary, as only four female pigs were used for the experiments. David Miller, a biologist who studies fertilization at the University of Illinois, told The Scientist in an e-mail that further studies are necessary to understand whether an ability to differentiate between the two sperm types is actually used by mammalian females to skew their offspring’s sex ratio, something that may be advantageous in certain conditions.

Pizzari agreed that while this was a commendable effort to expose a female to each sperm type, the study was descriptive with no cause and effect conclusions. “The fact that some genes are up- or down-regulated in association with says little about whether any formal sperm selection actually occurs.”

An unanswered question is: If the female reproductive tract can tell the difference between X and Y sperm, what exactly is being sensed? Although this study suggested that there are differences, how X and Y sperm are actually different is a matter of debate, according to Miller.

The researchers are now working to establish an in vitro model of the oviduct to identify the sensor that can differentiate X and Y chromosome sperm and further tease out how female reproductive tract cells respond to these sperm types.

“For a long time, it was thought that the oviduct was merely passive, but now we see that the environment of the reproductive tract can react and adapt to different cell types,” said Fazeli.